Iibholiti, i-booster, i-breast augmentation kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso: kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubiza ntoni ukufakelwa kwebele, azithathwa ngokupheleleyo njengemimangaliso yezonyango, okanye imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinane abafazi be-300,000 baye bafumana i-breast augmentation ngo-2014, kwaye oogqirha banamhlanje bagxininisa inkangeleko "yendalo", engabonakali ingahambelani ngokomzimba.Unokuzifaka phantsi kwekhwapha ukunciphisa amanxeba, kwaye unokukhetha ukujikeleza okanye "i-teardrop" imilo ukuze ilingane iimbambo kunye nomzimba wakho.Namhlanje, abanini bamabele abanelishwa baneyona ndlela yotyando abakhe bayenza-kodwa amabele abo amatsha anembali ende kakhulu kwaye ingaqhelekanga.
Kule mihla, ukufakelwa kwamabele kuthathwa njengendawo eqhelekileyo kuqhaqho, kwaye kudla ngokuba ziindaba kuphela xa benento engaqhelekanga-enje ngowasetyhini okrelekrele owazama ukuthubelezisa icocaine emzimbeni wakhe ngo-2011. Kodwa ukuba elona bali lingaqhelekanga ulivile ngebele ukufakelwa kubandakanya ukuqhuma okumangalisayo, okanye iziganeko "zokunyuka kwamaxabiso" onokuthi uzilungelelanise usebenzisa iivalvu ezifihliweyo, hlala uthule: imbali yaba bantwana izele yizinto eziqanjiweyo, iDrama kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu.
Oku asikokuba nesicaphucaphu-kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ukuba ukhetho lwakho lokwandisa ibele alubandakanyi naliti yeparafini okanye izifakelo ezenziwe kwi-bovine cartilage, ke le mbali yokufakelwa kwebele yeyakho.
Ukufakelwa kwebele kunokuba kudala kunokuba ucinga.Utyando lokuqala lofakelo lwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseHeidelberg, eJamani ngo-1895, kodwa ngokwenene yayingeyonjongo yokuthambisa.UGqirha uVincent Czerny ususa amanqatha kwiimpundu zesigulane esisetyhini aze awafake kwibele lakhe.Emva kokususa i-adenoma okanye i-tumor enkulu ye-benign, isifuba kufuneka sakhiwe ngokutsha.
Ngoko ke ngokusisiseko "ufakelo" lokuqala alukho ukukhulisa okufanayo konke konke, kodwa kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele emva kotyando olubi.Kwinkcazo yakhe yotyando oluyimpumelelo, uCzerny wathi "kukuphepha i-asymmetry" -kodwa ukukhangela okulula ukwenza abafazi bazive belungelelene emva kotyando lwenza inguqu.
Umzimba wokuqala wangaphandle ofakwe ebeleni ukuze ulenze libe likhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba ube yiparafini.Ifumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezifudumeleyo nezithambileyo kwaye ikakhulu zenziwe nge-petroleum jelly.Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ukunyusa ubungakanani bezinto zomzimba kwafunyanwa ngugqirha wase-Austrian uRobert Gesurny, owasebenzisa kuqala kwiisende zamajoni ukuze abe nempilo.Ephefumlelwe, waqhubeka eyisebenzisa kwiinaliti zokwandisa amabele.
ingxaki?Iparafini wax inefuthe elibi emzimbeni.“Iresiphi” kaGesurny (inxalenye enye yepetroleum jelly, iinxalenye ezintathu zeoyile yomnquma) nezinto ezahlukeneyo zayo zabonakala zilungile kwiminyaka embalwa, kodwa emva koko yonke into yahamba kakubi.Iparafini inokwenza nantoni na, ukususela ekwenzeni igaqa elikhulu, elingangenekiyo ukusa ekubangeleni izilonda ezikhulu okanye ukukhokelela kubumfama ngokupheleleyo.Ngokufuthi izigulane kufuneka zinqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze zisindise ubomi bazo.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, amathumba eparafini asandula ukuphinda abuyele eTurkey naseIndiya…kwilungu lobudoda.Abantu bebezitofa ekhaya ngokungalumkanga njengendlela yokwandisa incanca, nto leyo eyabothusa oogqirha babo, nto leyo eqondakalayo.Amazwi avela kwizilumko: musani ukuyenza le nto.
NgokukaWalter Peters kunye noVictor Fornasier, kwimbali yabo yokwandisa amabele ebhalelwe Ijenali yoTyando lwePlastiki ngo-2009, ixesha elisusela kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala ukuya kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi lalizaliswe luvavanyo oluthile olungaqhelekanga lotyando lokwandisa amabele-ke ke izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyakwenza. ulusu lwakho luyanyakazela.
Bakhumbula ukuba abantu babesebenzisa “iibhola zophondo lwendlovu, iibhola zeglasi, ioli yemifuno, ioli yeminerali, ilanolin, inyosi, ishellac, ilaphu lesilika, iepoxy resin, irabha egayiweyo, intlala yenkomo, isiponji, ingxowa, irabha, ubisi lwebhokhwe, iTeflon, iimbotyi zesoya namandongomane. i-oyile, kunye ne-glass putty."Ewe.Eli lixesha lezinto ezintsha, kodwa njengoko kulindelekile, akukho nanye kwezi ndlela ziye zathandwa, kwaye izinga lokusuleleka emva kokuhlinzwa liphezulu.
Kukho ubungqina bokuba oonongogo baseJapan emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II bazama ukujongana nencasa yamajoni aseMelika ngokutofa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziquka isilicon elulwelo emabeleni abo.Imveliso ye-silicon ngelo xesha yayingacocekanga, kwaye ezinye izongezo ezenzelwe ukuba "ziqulathe" i-silicon esifubeni zongezwa kwinkqubo-efana ne-cobra venom okanye ioli yeoli-kwaye iziphumo zazinzima ngokumangalisayo emva kweminyaka.
Inkxalabo enzulu nge-silicon engamanzi kukuba iya kugqabhuka kwaye yenze iigranulomas, ezinokuthi zifudukele kuyo nayiphi na indawo yomzimba ezikhethayo.I-silicone yolwelo isasetyenziswa-imali encinci kakhulu iyasetyenziswa, kwaye kusetyenziswa kuphela i-silicone yebanga lezonyango engasebenziyo-kodwa iphikisana kakhulu kwaye inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu.Ngoko ke, uvelwano kubafazi abasebenzisa eninzi abicah engamanzi Ukuqubha ejikeleze imizimba yabo.
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1950s yayiyeyona minyaka yegolide yokwandisa amabele-kakuhle, uhlobo.Ikhuthazwe bubuhle besifuba esibukhali kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iimbono ezintsha kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zokufakelwa kwezinto ngokukhawuleza zavela njengoko izinto ezafunyanwa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II zafumaneka ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabantu.Esinye isiponji seIvalon esenziwe ngepolyethylene;enye yi-polyethylene tape esongelwe kwibhola kwaye isongelwe ngelaphu okanye i-polyethylene ngaphezulu.(I-Polyethylene ayizange iqalise imveliso yorhwebo kude kube ngo-1951.)
Noko ke, nangona zibhetele kakhulu kuneparafini kuba azikubulali ngokuthe ngcembe, aziyilungelanga ncam inkangeleko yamabele akho.Emva konyaka we-buoyancy emnandi, ziqinile njengamatye kwaye zicutha isifuba sakho-ngokuqhelekileyo sishwabana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%.Kwavela ukuba isipontshi sabo sawela ngqo esifubeni.Yhu.
I-breast implants ngoku siyazi-silicon njengento encamathelayo "kwibhegi" -yaqala ukubonakala kwi-1960 kwaye yaphuhliswa nguGqirha Thomas Cronin kunye nogxa wakhe uFrank Gerow (kuxelwe ukuba, zenziwe ngeplastiki Isikhwama segazi sivakalelwa. ngokungaqhelekanga njengamabele).
Ngokungakholelekiyo, ukufakelwa kwamabele kwavavanywa okokuqala ezinjeni.Ewe, umnini wokuqala wamabele e-silicon yinja egama linguEsmerelda, owawavavanya ngobubele.Ukuba akaqalisi ukuhlafuna i-sutures emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, uya kuyigcina ixesha elide.Ngokucacileyo, u-Esmerelda ohluphekileyo akazange achaphazeleke ngokusebenza (ndiyathandabuza).
Umntu wokuqala owafakelwa ibele le-silicon yayinguTimmy Jean Lindsay, waseTexan, owaya kwisibhedlele sesisa ukuze asuse ezinye iitattoos zamabele, kodwa wavuma ukuba ngumntu wokuqala emhlabeni.ULindsay, oneminyaka engama-83, usenazo izifakelo nanamhlanje.
Ukufakelwa kwe-saline-ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo se-saline endaweni ye-silica gel fillers-yenza i-debut yabo ngo-1964 xa inkampani yaseFransi yavelisa njengeengxowa ze-silicone ezinzima apho i-saline inokufakwa kuyo.Umahluko omkhulu kunye nokufakelwa kwe-saline kukuba unokhetho: unokuzalisa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokufakelwa, okanye ugqirha "unokuzalisa" emva kokuwafaka engxoweni, njengokuba ukupompa umoya kwivili.
Ixesha apho iiprostheses zamanzi anetyuwa zikhanya ngokwenene ngo-1992, xa i-FDA yakhupha isithintelo esikhulu kuzo zonke iiprostheses zamabele ezizaliswe yi-silicone, ixhala malunga neengozi zabo zempilo ezinokwenzeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni inqanda inkampani ukuba ingazithengisa ngokupheleleyo.Ufakelo lwe-saline lwenza olu kusilela, i-95% yazo zonke izifakelo emva kokunqunyanyiswa zinetyuwa.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kubanda, i-silicon yavunyelwa ukuba iphinde isetyenziswe kwi-breast implants ngo-2006-kodwa ngendlela entsha.Emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nokulinga, i-FDA ekugqibeleni yavumela ukufakelwa kwe-silicone ezaliswe ukuba ingene kwimarike yase-US.Bona kunye ne-saline eqhelekileyo ngoku ziinketho ezimbini zotyando lwangoku lokwandisa amabele.
I-silicone yanamhlanje yenzelwe ukufana namafutha omntu: ingqindilili, incangathi, kwaye ihlelwa njenge "semi-solid."Ngokwenene sisizukulwana sesihlanu sokufakelwa kwe-silicon-isizukulwana sokuqala saphuhliswa nguCronin kunye neGerow, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo endleleni, kubandakanywa iingubo ezikhuselekileyo, iijeli ezityebileyo kunye neemilo zendalo.
Yintoni elandelayo?Kubonakala ngathi sibuyele kwixesha "lokutya kwesifuba", kuba abantu bafuna iindlela zokwandisa ubungakanani bekomityi ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.Kuthatha iiyure ezininzi ukutofa i-macrolane yokugcwalisa, kodwa iziphumo zinokuhlala iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18.Nangona kunjalo, kukho impikiswano: i-radiologists ayiyazi indlela yokunyanga isifuba sikaMacrolane ukuba ichemotherapy iyafuneka.
Kubonakala ngathi ukufakelwa kuya kuqhubeka nokubakho-kodwa nceda uqhubeke unikel' ingqalelo kwinto abaza kuyila ngokulandelayo ukuphakamisa ibele kubungakanani bestratospheric.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2021